Vaginal Discharge, Osmosis, and Body Fluid Balance

白帶、滲透作用與體液平衡

Vaginal discharge is a normal part of the body’s self-regulation and protection. Its amount and consistency are closely related to how water moves across tissues.

白帶是身體自我調節與保護的一部分，其多寡與性質與體內水分在組織間的移動方式密切相關。

Water movement in the body occurs through a process called osmosis. When this balance is disturbed, vaginal discharge may become excessive or watery, even without infection.

體內水分的移動主要透過「滲透作用」完成。當這種平衡被打亂時，即使沒有感染，也可能出現白帶偏多或水樣的情況。

Academic Explanation｜學術說明（點擊展開）

Vaginal discharge is composed primarily of water, electrolytes, mucins, and immune-related proteins. Its volume and consistency are influenced by osmotic water movement across vaginal and cervical epithelial tissues.

白帶主要由水分、電解質、黏液蛋白與免疫相關蛋白構成，其量與性質會受到陰道與子宮頸上皮組織間滲透性水分移動的影響。

Inflammation, hormonal fluctuation, or altered epithelial permeability may disrupt osmotic balance, leading to excessive or abnormal discharge that is not necessarily caused by infection.

發炎、荷爾蒙波動或上皮通透性改變，皆可能導致滲透平衡失調，出現非感染性白帶異常。

A hypertonic microenvironment, in which extracellular fluid contains a higher solute concentration, may promote osmotic water movement into the vaginal lumen, increasing fluid secretion.

當局部組織處於高張狀態（細胞外液溶質濃度偏高），可能促使水分經滲透作用進入腔內，造成分泌液增加。

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, leukorrhea is associated with disorders of Jin-Ye metabolism and the accumulation of Dampness, reflecting impaired fluid transformation rather than true excess production.

中醫認為白帶多與津液代謝失調與濕邪內生有關，本質上是體液運化與輸布異常，而非津液生成過多。

Acupuncture may help regulate epithelial permeability, local microcirculation, and tissue fluid balance, indirectly supporting osmotic regulation.

針灸可透過調節上皮通透性、局部微循環與體液平衡，間接協助滲透調控機制恢復正常。

When to Seek Medical Care｜何時需要就醫

Foul odor, yellow or green discharge, itching, burning, or pelvic pain
白帶有異味、黃綠色，伴隨搔癢、灼熱或下腹痛
Sudden change in discharge after unprotected sexual contact
無保護性行為後白帶突然改變
Fever, bleeding, or pain with urination
伴隨發燒、出血或排尿疼痛

This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical diagnosis.
本頁內容為衛教資訊，不能取代醫師診斷。

Academic Further Reading｜學術延伸閱讀

Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier.
BMJ. Vaginal discharge: evaluation and management.
Wira CR et al. Mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract. Nature Reviews Immunology.
Anderson JM et al. Tight junctions and epithelial permeability. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology.
Verkman AS. Aquaporins in clinical medicine. Annual Review of Medicine.
Garty H, Palmer LG. Epithelial transport mechanisms. Physiological Reviews.
《黃帝內經・素問》：津液、任脈、脾腎相關論述
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine：針灸與微循環調控
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine：針灸與體液代謝調節